வெள்ளி, 13 டிச., 2024 at PM 6:43

In computer science, file formats refer to the structure and encoding of data in a file, which determines how the information is stored, organized, and read by software. File formats are typically indicated by their file extensions (e.g., .txt, .jpg). Below are common categories and examples of file formats:

1. Text and Document Formats

Used for storing written information or structured text.

Plain Text: .txt (Unformatted text)

Rich Text: .rtf (Supports basic formatting like bold and italics)

Word Documents: .doc, .docx (Microsoft Word)

Portable Document Format: .pdf (Non-editable, cross-platform)

Markdown: .md (Lightweight formatting for web content)

1. Image Formats

Used for storing graphical data.

Raster (Pixel-based):

.jpg or .jpeg (Compressed images, common for photos)

.png (Lossless, supports transparency)

.gif (Supports animation and small file size)

.bmp (Uncompressed, large file size)

Vector (Scalable graphics):

.svg (Scalable Vector Graphics)

.ai (Adobe Illustrator)

1. Audio Formats

For storing sound and music.

Lossy Compression: .mp3, .aac (Smaller size, some quality loss)

Lossless Compression: .flac, .alac (High-quality audio)

Uncompressed: .wav, .pcm (Raw audio data)

1. Video Formats

Used for storing moving visual media.

Common Formats: .mp4, .avi, .mkv, .mov

Codecs (Compression algorithms): H.264, H.265, VP9

1. Compressed and Archive Formats

For storing multiple files in a compressed format.

.zip, .rar, .7z, .tar, .gz

1. Executable and System Formats

Used to store programs or system-related data.

Executable Files: .exe (Windows), .apk (Android), .dmg (macOS)

Script Files: .bat, .sh, .py (Python), .js (JavaScript)

System Files: .dll (Dynamic Link Library), .sys

1. Database Formats

Used to store structured data for retrieval and management.

.db (Generic database file)

.sqlite (SQLite database)

.csv (Comma-Separated Values, plain text)

.xlsx (Microsoft Excel)

1. Web Formats

Files used for web development and online content.

Markup Languages: .html, .xml

Style Sheets: .css

Scripting: .js (JavaScript)

Web Images: .webp (Efficient web image format)

1. 3D Model and CAD Formats

For 3D graphics or computer-aided design.

.obj, .stl, .fbx, .dae

1. Specialized File Formats

GIS (Geographic Information Systems): .shp, .geojson

Machine Learning/AI: .h5, .onnx, .tflite

Medical Imaging: .dicom

Would you like to know how to use or convert any specific file format?