ORS - Sales perorales ad rehydratationem – Nesteytysliuos - Oral rehydration solution
May 24, 2023•904 words
3S-nesteytysliuos | DIY ORS
1 litraan vettä lisätään:
- Seltin-mineraalisuola 1 tl (5 ml)
- Samarin 1 pussi
- Siripiri-rypälesokeripastillit 6 kpl
WHO:n mukaan laimeamman liuoksen käyttäminen ei ole haitallista.
Ravintosisältö:
3S-nesteytysliuos: (ChatGPT:n laskemana, samaa suuruusluokkaa itse parhaan arvion mukaan laskien)
Final Concentrations in 1 Liter Solution
| Component | Amount (g) | Concentration (mmol/L) |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium (Na⁺) | 1.2 g (Seltin) + 0.635 g (Samarin) = 1.835 g | 1.835 g / 22.99 g/mol ≈ 79.8 mmol/L |
| Potassium (K⁺) | 1.26 g (Seltin) + 0.008 g (Samarin) = 1.268 g | 1.268 g / 39.10 g/mol ≈ 32.4 mmol/L |
| Chloride (Cl⁻) | From Seltin ≈ 2.46 g | 2.46 g / 35.45 g/mol ≈ 69.4 mmol/L |
| Citrate (C₆H₅O₇³⁻) | From Samarin ≈ 1.68 g | 1.68 g / 189.1 g/mol ≈ 8.9 mmol/L |
| Glucose | From Siripiri ≈ 12.75 g | 12.75 g / 180.16 g/mol ≈ 70.8 mmol/L |
Estimated Osmolarity: ~290–295 mOsm/L
This is near-isotonic, comparable to normal plasma osmolarity (~285–295 mOsm/L), making it suitable for oral hydration purposes, though the sodium concentration is higher than typical oral rehydration solutions (ORS).
Electrolyte & Osmolarity Comparison Chart
| Component | 3S-nesteytysliuos (per 1 L) | WHO Reduced Osmolarity ORS (per 1 L) |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium (Na⁺) | 79.8 mmol | 75 mmol |
| Potassium (K⁺) | 32.4 mmol | 20 mmol |
| Chloride (Cl⁻) | 69.4 mmol | 65 mmol |
| Citrate (as base) | 8.9 mmol | 10 mmol (as trisodium citrate) |
| Glucose | 70.8 mmol (≈12.75 g) | 75 mmol (13.5 g) |
| Osmolarity | ~293 mOsm/L | 245 mOsm/L |
Interpretation
| Parameter | Comment |
|---|---|
| Sodium | Slightly higher than WHO ORS, still within rehydration-safe range |
| Potassium | Significantly higher – could be beneficial for muscle cramps or losses |
| Chloride | Similar to WHO ORS |
| Citrate | Slightly lower; still helps buffer acidosis and enhances Na⁺ absorption |
| Glucose | Slightly lower, but adequate for sodium co-transport |
| Osmolarity | ~20% higher than WHO ORS, but still near-isotonic |
4S-nesteytysliuos
Liuokseen voi lisätä sinkkiporetabletin (esim Sana-sol) ja noin 0,1 l vettä.
WHO suosittaa lasten gastroenteriiteissä 20 mg sinkkiä/vrk 10-14 vrk ajan.
C-vitamiinilla (Sana-sol) on jonkin verran näyttöä gastriitin/enterokoliitin hoidossa.
- Seltin-mineraalisuola 1 tl (5 ml)
- Samarin 1 pussi
- Siripiri-rypälesokeripastillit 6 kpl
- Sana-sol sinkkiporetabletti 1 kpl
Electrolyte & Osmolarity Comparison
| Component | 4S-nesteytysliuos (per 1.1 L) | WHO ORS (per 1 L) |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium (Na⁺) | ~79.8 + 21.75 = 101.6 mmol total → ~92.4 mmol/L | 75 mmol/L |
| Potassium (K⁺) | ~32.4 mmol → 29.5 mmol/L | 20 mmol/L |
| Chloride (Cl⁻) | ~69.4 mmol → 63.1 mmol/L | 65 mmol/L |
| Citrate (as base) | 8.9 mmol → 8.1 mmol/L | 10 mmol/L |
| Zinc (Zn²⁺) | 0.23 mmol → 0.21 mmol/L | Not included |
| Ascorbate (Vit C) | 5.68 mmol → 5.2 mmol/L | Not included |
| Glucose | 70.8 mmol → 64.4 mmol/L | 75 mmol/L |
| Sorbitol (sugar alcohol) | 2.75 mmol → 2.5 mmol/L | Not included |
| Osmolarity | ~323 mmol / 1.1 L → ~294 mOsm/L | ~245 mOsm/L |
What is ORS? ORS (oral rehydration salts) is a special combination of dry salts that is mixed with safe water. It can help replace the fluids lost due to diarrhoea.
When should ORS be used? When a child has three or more loose stools in a day, begin to give ORS. In addition, for 10–14 days, give children over 6 months of age 20 milligrams of zinc per day (tablet or syrup); give children under 6 months of age 10 milligrams per day (tablet or syrup).
Where can ORS be obtained? In most countries, ORS packets are available from health centres, pharmacies, markets and shops.
How is the ORS drink prepared?
Put the contents of the ORS packet in a clean container. Check the packet for directions and add the correct amount of clean water. Too little water could make the diarrhoea worse.
Add water only. Do not add ORS to milk, soup, fruit juice or soft drinks. Do not add sugar.
Stir well, and feed it to the child from a clean cup. Do not use a bottle.
How much ORS drink to give?
Encourage the child to drink as much as possible.
A child under the age of 2 years needs at least 1/4 to 1/2 of a large (250-millilitre) cup of the ORS drink after each watery stool.
A child aged 2 years or older needs at least 1/2 to 1 whole large (250-millilitre) cup of the ORS drink after each watery stool.
What if ORS is not available?
Give the child a drink made with 6 level teaspoons of sugar and 1/2 level teaspoon of salt dissolved in 1 litre of clean water.
Be very careful to mix the correct amounts. Too much sugar can make the diarrhoea worse. Too much salt can be extremely harmful to the child.
Making the mixture a little too diluted (with more than 1 litre of clean water) is not harmful.