Root Nouns – Concept Tree

1. Semantic Role

• Abstract nouns – e.g., freedom, idea, courage
  
• Proper nouns – e.g., Einstein, India, Jupiter
  
• Collective nouns – e.g., team, flock, committee
  
• Mass nouns – e.g., water, rice, information
  
• Event nouns – e.g., birth, explosion, ceremony
  
• State nouns – e.g., condition, balance, awareness
  
• Agent nouns – performer of action (e.g., teacher)
  
• Patient nouns – receiver of action (e.g., victim)
  

2. Ontological Category

• Physical entities – e.g., stone, table
  
• Processes (nominalized) – e.g., running, erosion
  
• Conceptual constructs – e.g., number, justice, system
  
• Living beings – e.g., human, animal, microbe
  
• Artifacts – man-made objects (e.g., book, computer)
  
• Natural kinds – naturally occurring types (e.g., tree, element)
  

3. Morphological Structure

• Monomorphemic nouns – e.g., dog, car
  
• Derived nouns – formed via derivation (e.g., happiness)
  
• Compound nouns – combined words (e.g., toothpaste, notebook)
  
• Root compounds – direct root combinations (e.g., sunrise, brainchild)
  
• Back-formed nouns – formed by removing affixes (e.g., edit from editor)
  
• Loanwords – borrowed from other languages (e.g., guru, piano)