Lesson 93 (Intermediate 3 Lesson 8)

We started on Chapter 12, and went through the entire handout. This covered all the grammar points. We also reviewed the Quizlet sentence deck.

Originally, there should be a test after Chapter 12, so I figured the test would be in about 2 weeks from today (i.e. 3 lessons after this one, since I am writing this a week late), but… well, I will talk about that in Lesson 94’s post.

Grammar

1. A-아/어 보이다

This is used to express one’s guess or judgment about something based on its appearance.

Literally translated, it will be “you look…” or “it looks…”.

This is used with adjectives only.

  • For nouns, that is covered in the next grammar point (처럼/같이 보여요).
    • There is another grammar used for verbs (V-나 봐요), but that is something that we will learn another time.
A-아/어 보이다 -아 -어
Present A-아/어 보여요 작다 → 작아 보여요 넓다 → 넓어 보여요
Past A-아/어 보였어요 작다 → 작아 보였어요 넓다 → 넓어 보였어요
Future A-아/어 보일 거예요 작다 → 작아 보일 거예요 넓다 → 넓어 보일 거예요

So how does this differ from A-(으)ㄴ 것 같다? The key is that A-아/어 보이다 is based on appearance, whereas the conjecture from A-(으)ㄴ 것 같다 might be based on something else.

2. N처럼[같이]

This is used to express that some action or thing appears similar to the noun. It would be translated as “like” in English.

받침 X 받침 O
가수 → 가수처럼 가족 → 가족처럼

The caveat here is that you must follow up with an adjective or verb behind this. You need to specifically mention what it is about the noun that is similar.

  • 가수처럼이에요. (X)
    • An incorrect way to say ”He is like a professional singer.”
  • 가수처럼 노래를 잘 불러요. (O)
    • He sings well like a professional singer.

처럼 and 같이 essentially mean the same thing and are interchangeable. There is no difference in formality.

처럼/같이 are also used to express characteristics metaphorically by comparing them to animals or other things in nature. (English has this too in the form of similes.)

  • 호랑이처럼 무섭다 (fierce like a tiger)
  • 거북이처럼 느리다 (slow like a turtle)
  • 토끼처럼 귀엽다 (cute like a rabbit)
  • 바다처럼 마음이 넓다 (big-hearted like the ocean)

3. A-(으)ㄴ/V-는 편이다

This is used to express something that has a tendency toward a certain condition.

편 literally means “side”. You find it in words such as 건너편 (“opposite side”) but using it in this structure with an adjective or verb is used to say that something/someone is rather (tall) or somewhat (thin) , or that they tend to (be introverted).

This is used when usually there are two words that describe opposite traits (e.g. tall vs short) and you are trying to categorise everyone neatly into 2 groups. Since not everyone can easily be said to be tall or short (is someone who is 1.7m really tall?), but it is a scale, this is where you use this structure to say that they are in one category over another, but it is not as though they would necessarily belong otherwise (if we were not being forced to make do kind of classification into two groups).

Note: You cannot use this if someone falls into a clear category. For example, if the person is over 2m tall, you would not say they are 키가 큰 편이에요 (equivalent to saying they are somewhat tall), but simply that 키가 커요 (they are tall)!

For adjectives, you can simply use them as seen in the example above. For the negative form, there are two ways to do it:

  1. 키가 큰 편이 아니에요.
  2. 키가 큰 편이에요.

Though for negative forms, I have a feeling that it is more used for verbs, since it would be more natural to simply find another adjective e.g. 작다 instead of 크다.

  1. 많이 먹는 편이 아니에요.
  2. 많이 먹는 편이에요.

For verbs, it is usually necessary to add an adverb that modifies the verb, such as 자주, 잘, etc.

Examples:

  1. 나나 씨는 치마를 자주 입는 편이에요.
  2. 스티븐 씨는 매운 음식을 잘 먹는 편이에요.
  3. 저는 많이 자는 편이에요.

4. A-게

This is used to express some degree or means of an action. Basically, this is how you convert an adjective into an adverb.

Naturally, being an adverb, it is followed by a verb.

받침 X 받침 O
예쁘다 → 예쁘 짧다 → 짧

Examples:

  1. 마리코 씨는 머리를 짧게 잘랐어요.
  2. 오늘 아침에 늦게 일어났어요.
  3. 크게 쓰세요.

Now, there are some exceptions to this. Not all adjectives have the corresponding adverb formed like this but instead have special forms.

  1. 많다 → 많이 (not 많게)
  2. 이르다 (to be early) → 일찍 (not 이르게)

For the following three, while the special forms are much more common, it is not wrong to also use -게 forms.

  1. 빠르다 → 빨리/빠르게
  2. 적다 → 조금/적게
  3. 느리다 → 천천히/느리게

Vocabulary

Korean English Notes
외모 appearance 外貌
성격 personality 性格
눈이 크다 to have big eyes
눈이 작다 to have small eyes
입이 크다 to have a wide mouth
입이 작다 to have a small mouth
키가 크다 to be tall (height)
키가 작다 to be short (height)
쌍꺼풀이 있다 to have double eyelids
쌍꺼풀이 없다 to not have double eyelids
속쌍꺼풀 inner double eyelids The less obvious kind.
겉쌍꺼풀 outer double eyelids
코가 높다 to have a high nose
코가 낮다 to have a flat nose
입술이 두껍다 to have thick lips
입술이 얇다 to have thin lips
이마가 넓다 to have a wide forehead
이마가 좁다 to have a narrow forehead
어깨가 넓다 to have broad shoulders
어깨가 좁다 to have narrow shoulders
어깨깡패 a person with broad shoulders (slang) 깡패 is a gangster, something about being able to win if comparing shoulders with others (?)
눈썹이 진하다 to have thick eyebrows
눈썹이 연하다 to have thin eyebrows
마르다 to be skinny
날씬하다 to be slim
뚱뚱하다 to be fat
활발하다 to be active 活泼. Kind of used for an extroverted person.
외향적이다 to be extroverted
내성적이다 to be introverted 內省的
남성적이다 to be masculine, manly 男性的
여성적이다 to be feminine 女性的
꼼꼼하다 to be meticulous
성격이 급하다 to be hasty
어리다 to be young physically young
젊다 to be young (used for adults)
닮다 to resemble
시간을 지키다 to keep time
자르다 to cut
생기다 to look like
정확하다 to be accurate 正确
머리 모양 hairstyle 模样
이상형 ideal type 理想型
화장품 cosmetic
비결 secret 나이보다 젊어 보여요. 비결이 뭐예요?
세다 strong 술이 세다 = 술을 잘 마시다 (can hold your liquor). Opposite is 약하다.
이르다 to be early
글자 letter, character 선생님, 글자가 작아서 잘 안 보여요.
글씨 handwriting 선생님, 글씨 좀 크게 써 주세요.
어른스럽다 mature

Homework

  • Chapter 12 Worksheet (entire)
  • Quizlet Chapter 12 Word and Sentence Sets

Stats

  • Students: 4 out of 5 (newest girl wasn’t here)
  • Breakout room activities: Yes, full rotation for 3.

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