Lesson 98 (Intermediate 4 Lesson 4)

I was around 2 minutes late trying to scan my homework for the previous week, and when I joined, they were going through the chapter 14 sentence Quizlet deck.

We jumped right into chapter 15 after that, so nothing on the Culture Note or Pronunciation topic for chapter 14. We completed the handout, and also part of the textbook (just the vocab portions).

As a side note, I have been experimenting with Obsidian once again since I bought publish. I think the way to link things up is very useful for grammar. Since two lessons ago I have been adidng the new grammar points to that, as well as some of the older links. I will eventually hope to add everything that is also here, and then after that, we shall see if it still makes sense to post in this format.

Pronunciation

I decided to cover it here, even though we did not go through it.

Pronunciation topic is similar to that covered in Lesson 94. While not explicitly stated anywhere in this form, it is not something entirely new either given what has been taught before.

When preceded by verbs or adjectives which end with the final consonant sounds [ㄴ,ㅁ], ‘ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅈ’ are pronounced as [ㄲ, ㄸ. ㅉ].

Examples:

1. 신고 [신꼬]
2. 감다 [감따]
3. 읹지[안찌]

Grammar

1. A-아/어/해지다

This indicates a change to a certain condition. It has the same meaning as “to become” or “to get”.

Usually, the past tense (졌어요) is used, as the change (when it is being described) has already occurred. This is somewhat similar to how when you say someone is wearing something, you use the past tense form of 입다 (as the action of putting the clothes on was already done in the past).

You would use the present tense mostly when describing a hypothetical situation, along the lines of “if you do this, then that will happen”.

Examples:

1. 서울에 외국 사람이 많아졌어요.
2. 날씨가 많이 따뜻해졌지요?
3. 난 것을 많이 먹으면 뚱뚱해져요.
4. 머리를 자르면 분위기가 좀 달라질 거예요.

2. V-게 되다

This is used to indicate that something turns out a certain way regardless of the speaker’s will.

This is usually expressed in the past tense because it describes a condition that has already changed.

Examples:

1. 처음에는 한국말로 인사도 잘 못했는데 이제는 한국말을 잘 하게 되었어요.¹
2. 한국 노래를 좋아해서 한국어를 배우게 되었어요.
3. 취직을 해서 고향으로 돌아가게 되었어요.
4. 내년부터 2년 동안 서울에서 살게 됐어요.

For the last 2 examples, realise that this construct can be used to describe future events. The key here is that the situation has already changed; hence the sentence is in the past tense. However, the consequences might still happen in the future.

For sentence 3, it is entirely possible that the speaker has not yet returned to their 고향 yet when speaking the sentence. They have already gotten the new job, but could be speaking to their existing colleagues to say that they will soon be leaving because they got a new job.

3. V-기 전에

This is used to express than action is done or occurs before another action. (“Before V-ing…”)

For nouns, we have:

• 1시간 전에 (one hour before)
• 한 달 전에 (one month before)
• 1시 전에 (before 1pm)

For verbs:

• 자기 전에 (before sleeping)
• 마시기 전에 (before drinking)
• 오기 전에 (become coming)

Examples:

1. 집에 가기 전에 헬스장에 갔어요.
2. 집에 가기 전에 헬스장에 갈 거예요.
3. 영화가 시작하기 전에 휴대 전화를 끄세요.

4. V-(으)ㄴ 후에

This is used to express that after the action of the preceding verb is done, an action is done. (“After V-ing”)

Notice the use of the past tense noun modifier V-(으)ㄴ.

Examples:

1. 식사 후에 커피를 마셔요.
2. 학교 후에 졸업한 후에 바로 취직했어요.
3. 한국에 온 후부터 한국어를 배웠어요.

In conversations, V-고 나서 is often used instead of V-(으)ㄴ 후에.

Vocabulary

Homework

• Write 3 sentences (in Handout, on Grammar points 1 and 2)
• Chapter 15 Worksheet

Stats

• Students: 5 out of 6 (the older lady was unwell)
• Breakout room activities: Yes, rotated