Lesson 98 (Intermediate 4 Lesson 4)

I was around 2 minutes late trying to scan my homework for the previous week, and when I joined, they were going through the chapter 14 sentence Quizlet deck.

We jumped right into chapter 15 after that, so nothing on the Culture Note or Pronunciation topic for chapter 14. We completed the handout, and also part of the textbook (just the vocab portions).

As a side note, I have been experimenting with Obsidian once again since I bought publish. I think the way to link things up is very useful for grammar. Since two lessons ago I have been adidng the new grammar points to that, as well as some of the older links. I will eventually hope to add everything that is also here, and then after that, we shall see if it still makes sense to post in this format.

Pronunciation

I decided to cover it here, even though we did not go through it.

Pronunciation topic is similar to that covered in Lesson 94. While not explicitly stated anywhere in this form, it is not something entirely new either given what has been taught before.

When preceded by verbs or adjectives which end with the final consonant sounds [ㄴ,ㅁ], ‘ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅈ’ are pronounced as [ㄲ, ㄸ. ㅉ].

Examples:

  1. 신고 [신꼬]
  2. 감다 [감따]
  3. 읹지[안찌]

Grammar

1. A-아/어/해지다

This indicates a change to a certain condition. It has the same meaning as “to become” or “to get”.

Usually, the past tense (졌어요) is used, as the change (when it is being described) has already occurred. This is somewhat similar to how when you say someone is wearing something, you use the past tense form of 입다 (as the action of putting the clothes on was already done in the past).

You would use the present tense mostly when describing a hypothetical situation, along the lines of “if you do this, then that will happen”.

ㅏ,ㅗ O ㅏ,ㅗ X 하다
작다 → 작아졌어요 길다 → 길어졌어요 이숙하다 → 이숙해졌어요

Examples:

  1. 서울에 외국 사람이 많아졌어요.
  2. 날씨가 많이 따뜻해졌지요?
  3. 난 것을 많이 먹으면 뚱뚱해져요.
  4. 머리를 자르면 분위기가 좀 달라질 거예요.

2. V-게 되다

This is used to indicate that something turns out a certain way regardless of the speaker’s will.

This is usually expressed in the past tense because it describes a condition that has already changed.

받침 O/X
하다 → 하게 되었어요 (됐어요)

Examples:

  1. 처음에는 한국말로 인사도 잘 못했는데 이제는 한국말을 잘 하게 되었어요.1
  2. 한국 노래를 좋아해서 한국어를 배우게 되었어요.
  3. 취직을 해서 고향으로 돌아가게 되었어요.
  4. 내년부터 2년 동안 서울에서 살게 됐어요.

For the last 2 examples, realise that this construct can be used to describe future events. The key here is that the situation has already changed; hence the sentence is in the past tense. However, the consequences might still happen in the future.

For sentence 3, it is entirely possible that the speaker has not yet returned to their 고향 yet when speaking the sentence. They have already gotten the new job, but could be speaking to their existing colleagues to say that they will soon be leaving because they got a new job.

3. V-기 전에

This is used to express than action is done or occurs before another action. (“Before V-ing…”)

For nouns, we have:

  • 1시간 전에 (one hour before)
  • 한 달 전에 (one month before)
  • 1시 전에 (before 1pm)

For verbs:

  • 자기 전에 (before sleeping)
  • 마시기 전에 (before drinking)
  • 오기 전에 (become coming)

Examples:

  1. 집에 가기 전에 헬스장에 갔어요.
  2. 집에 가기 전에 헬스장에 갈 거예요.
  3. 영화가 시작하기 전에 휴대 전화를 끄세요.

4. V-(으)ㄴ 후에

This is used to express that after the action of the preceding verb is done, an action is done. (“After V-ing”)

Notice the use of the past tense noun modifier V-(으)ㄴ.

Examples:

  1. 식사 후에 커피를 마셔요.
  2. 학교 후에 졸업한 후에 바로 취직했어요.
  3. 한국에 온 후부터 한국어를 배웠어요.

In conversations, V-고 나서 is often used instead of V-(으)ㄴ 후에.

Vocabulary

Korean English Notes
태어나다 to be born
죽다 to die
입학하다 to enter a school 入学
졸업하다 to graduate 卒业. 학교를 졸업했어요.
친구를 사귀다 to make a friend
사랑에 빠지다 to fall in love This also means a literal “fall”, as fall into water = 물에 빠지다
취직하다 to get a job 就职
승진하다 to get a promotion 升晋
은퇴하다 to retire 隐退
줄다 to decrease, lessen This is amount the amount or quantity, where originally there were many, and it decreased.
늘다 to increase This is the opposite of 줄다. It is also about an amount or quantity that increased.
오르다 to go up Apart from the literal going up, this is also used of numbers (e.g. exchange rate, price) to indicate there was an increase. Important to know when to use this rather than 늘다.
내리다 to go down Opposite of 오르다. Also used for numbers.
결혼하다 to marry 结婚
아기를 낳다 to give birth
생기다 to be formed, to have to be newly formed, to newly have (that was not there in the past)
봉사 활동을 하다 to do volunteer work 奉仕活动
발전하다 to develop 发展
(-에) 익숙하다 to be practiced, to be familiar (to)
별일 없다 to have nothing special going on
오래간만이다 It's been a long time
고생하다 to have a difficult time 苦生
다행이다 to be fortunate 多幸
어디에서나 anywhere 나 = 든지. 언제나, 언제든지 (anytime); 누구나, 누구든지 (anybody)
잘되다 to go well
기대가 되다 to expect 期待
예전에 in the old days Same as 옛날에
변화 change 变化
인구 population 人口
변호사 lawyer 辩护士
일기 diary, journal 자기 전에 일기를 써요.
복습을 하다 to review 수업이 끝난 후에 복습을 해요.
몸이 좋다 to be in good shape
단 것 sweet things e.g. chocolates, cakes. 단 것을 많이 먹으면 뚱뚱해져요.
잔소리 nagging, nitpicking
물가 price (of commodities) 物價. 요즘 물가가 너무 비싼 것 같아요. 물가가 올랐어요.
휴가철 vacation season 휴가철이라서 길에 차가 적어요.
초등학교 elementary school
원래 originally 마리코 씨는 원래 한국 음식을 안 좋아했어요. 한국에 와서 좋아하게 됐어요.
점점 gradually 처음에는 그 사람을 안 좋아했는데 점점 좋아하게 됐어요.
자료 material, data 資料. 자료를 준비하다
보고서 report 報告書. 보고서를 쓰다. Is this more for work, while 리포트 is more for schoolwork? Or are they completely interchangeable?

Homework

  • Write 3 sentences (in Handout, on Grammar points 1 and 2)
  • Chapter 15 Worksheet

Stats

  • Students: 5 out of 6 (the older lady was unwell)
  • Breakout room activities: Yes, rotated

  1. While you can just as easily say “잘 해요”, using 잘 하게 되었어요 seems to emphasise the change. The teacher’s words were that she “could feel that there is a change”. HowToStudyKorean mentions how using this construct (because it implies that something happened regardless of the speaker’s will) can be a humble way of saying the same sentence. 


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