Lesson 95 (Intermediate 4 Lesson 1)
October 6, 2021•1,554 words
This is the start of a new term. There is also a new student who joined. She’s French, from France… I initially thought she was a student as she did look pretty young, but she said she was working here if I heard her correctly.
The teacher said she had learned Korean back in France before. So I would guess she came over recently? Or only recently decided to pick up Korean again.
Went through the entire handout for chapter 13 and covered all the grammar points. Even had time for the textbook and covered until Speaking 1.
Grammar
1. A/V-(으)ㄹ지 모르겠다
If you look at the form, it is very similar to V-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다.1
This is used to express uncertainty over something that the speaker is concerned about.
The key difference here between this and V-(으)ㄹ 줄 모르다 is the concern and worry that the speaker has about not knowing something.
| 받침 X | 받침 O | |
|---|---|---|
| A | 크다 → 클지 모르겠어요 | 작다 → 작을지 모르겠어요 |
| V | 오다 → 올지 모르겠어요 | 먹다 → 먹을지 모르겠어요 |
Examples:
- 음식이 입에 맞을지 모르겠어요.
- 내일 시험을 잘 볼 수 있을지 모르겠어요.
- 다음 주에 공부 할 시간이 있을지 모르겠어요.
1.1 Past Tense
You can also express uncertainty about past events.
- 나나 씨가 시험을 잘 봤을지 모르겠어요.
- 그 사람이 고향에 잘 돌아갔을지 모르겠어요.
2. A/V-기는 하지만
Naturally, with 지만 there, you would expect some contrast.
This is used when the speaker acknowledges or admits the facts in the first clause (the A/V before -기는), but has a contrasting relationship with the final clause (after 하지만). It is best explained with examples.
In dramas, instead of hearing 기는, you will hear it shortened to 긴. This is common in spoken language.
| 받침 X | 받침 O |
|---|---|
| 크다 → 크기는 하지만 | 작다 → 작기는 하지만 |
Examples:
- 이 식당은 음식값이 싸기는 하지만 맛이 없어요.
- 다리를 다쳤어요. 아프기는 하지만 괜찮아요.
- 커피를 마시기는 하지만 좋아하지는 않아요.
2.1 Comparison with 지만
So, what is the difference between this and 지만?
| -지만 | -기는 하지만 |
|---|---|
| Subject of preceding clause can be different from the following clause. | Both clauses must have the same subject. |
| Used to express a simple contrast. | Used to emphasise a contrast. |
2.2 Past Tense
Like how you can put a past tense before -지만, you can do this too for -기는 하지만.
Specifically, you conjugate the 하 that is before the 지만.
- Past tense: -기는 했지만
The teacher only mentioned the past tense form in class, saying that it will appear in the homework. Well, the past, present, and future forms all appeared. I did not recognise the future form as a future form, and had to look it up.
- Future Tense: -기는 하겠지만
3. A/V-기 때문에, N(이)기 때문에
This chapter’s full of familiar-looking things.
It looks like N 때문에, right? Well, except the meaning is not the same as N 때문에. (The N(이)기 때문에 should have been a clue.)
It indicates cause or reason.
Meaning, this one has the same meaning as A/V-아서/어서/해서 and N(이)라서, the thing you should not confuse N 때문에 for.
It is mostly used in writing or formal settings.
| 받침 X | 받침 O | |
|---|---|---|
| A/V | 싸다 → 싸기 때문에 | 먹다 → 먹기 때문에 |
| N | 친구 → 친구기 때문에 | 학생 → 학생이 때문에 |
Examples:
- 값이 너무 비싸기 때문에 그냉 구경만 할 겁니다.
- 학생이기 때문에 공부를 열심히 해야 합니다.
- 이번 주말에 고향에 돌아가야 하기 때문에 서둘러서 비행기 표를 샀습니다.
3.1 Past Tense
- 어제 휴대폰을 잃어버렸기 때문에 친구에게 연락을 못 합니다.
3.2 Usage Notes
Like -아서/어서/해서, -기 때문에 cannot be used in a command or suggestion.
If it is a command or suggestion, usually you would use A/V-(으)니까.
4. V-기(가) A
This is used to express the speaker’s general judgment or evaluation of an action.
The judgment is the adjective. Not all adjectives use this form. The ones that do are: 쉽다, 어렵다, 좋다, 나쁘다, 편하다, 불편하다.
In English, you might say something is “easy to do” or “hard to find”. The 기 part is equivalent to the “to”.
| 받침 X | 받침 O |
|---|---|
| 가다 → 가기(가) 편하다 | 살다 → 살기(가) 좋다 |
Examples:
- 지하철역이 가까워서 회사 가기(가) 편해요.
- 공기가 맑아서 산책하기(가) 좋습니다.
Vocabulary
| Korean | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 아파트 | apartment | |
| 빌라 | multiplex house (villa) | |
| 단독주택 | detached house | |
| 원룸 | studio apartment | “one room” |
| 안방 | master room | |
| 작은방 | small room | |
| 거실 | living room | 巨室 |
| 부엌/주방 | kitchen | 부엌 is native Korean. 주방 is Sino-Korean: 厨房 |
| 화장실 | toilet | |
| 욕실 | bathroom | 浴室 |
| 베란다 | veranda | Compared to a balcony, a veranda is narrower and more “flat”. |
| 발코니 | balcony | |
| 현관 | entrance (at a house) | 玄关 |
| 마당 | garden, yard | |
| 대문 | front gate | 大门 |
| 부동산 | real estate | 不动产. Also refers to a real estate agency |
| 보증금 | security deposit | 保证金 |
| 월세 | monthly rent | 月贳 |
| 전세 | long term deposit lease | 全贳. This is a unique system in Korea, but is also something that has become rarer these days. How this works is that if a house costs $500k, then you would have to pay a lump sum of (say) $300k to the landlord. However, at the end of the lease, you get the entire sum back. You pay only for the electricity and water. Usually what a landlord would do with the money is to use it to invest. |
| 전화 요금 | telephone bill | 电话 料金 |
| 전기 요금 | electric bill | 电气 料金 |
| 수도 요금 | water bill | 水道 料金 |
| 가스 요금 | gas bill | |
| 생활비 | living expenses | 生活费 |
| 식비 | food expenses | 食费 |
| 관리비 | maintenance fee | 管理费 |
| 교통비 | transportation fee | 交通费 |
| 고시원 | examination preparation housing | 考试院. 고시 = exam. This is for students who want to focus on studying without distractions. It is a very small room, usually with shared shower facilities (private bathrooms would cost more). Mostly for students, but there are some people who choose to stay here as the rent is much cheaper than renting a house. |
| 오피스텔 | office with kitchen and sleeping facilities | office + hotel |
| 방이 넓다 | to have a spacious room | |
| 시설이 잘 되어 있다 | to have good facilities | 施设. For facilities, we might think of condo facilities such as gym and swimming pool, etc. but this term also refers to appliances available in the house. A house that comes with a fridge, microwave, etc. would be said to have good facilities too, since someone can just move in without having to buy anything else. |
| 시설 | facilities | |
| 잘 되어 있다 | to be well done | |
| 풀옵션 | a fully-equipped house/room | “full option” means that it has everything, e.g. all appliances |
| 방값이 싸다 | to have cheap rent | 방값 refers to the price of a room. You can also say 집값이 싸다 for an entire house. |
| 교통이 편리하다 | to have convenient transportation | |
| 새로 지었다 | to be newly built | |
| 주변 | surroundings | |
| 주변이 조용하다 | to have quiet surroundings | |
| 집주인이 좋다 | to have a nice landlord | |
| 주인 | owner | |
| 전망이 좋다 | to have a good view | 展望 |
| 바람이 통하다 | to be ventilated | |
| 집세 | rent | |
| 구하다 | to find; to seek | 집, 직장, 사람 |
| 결정하다 | to decide | 決定 |
| 장을 보다 | to shop (for groceries) | 장 comes from 시장 (market) |
| 회사를 옮기다 | to move to another company | change job |
| 공기가 맑다 | the air is fresh (clear) | |
| 그렇지 않아도 | as a matter of fact |
Homework
- Chapter 13 Worksheet (entire)
- Quizlet Chapter 13 Word and Sentence Sets
Stats
- Students: 5 out of 6 (girl who went to Korea was sick)
- Breakout room activities: Yes, same groups. Last pair was with one of the persons from the group.
-
For the -겠다 part, we have seen A/V-았/었으면 좋겠다. Elsewhere, I wrote about when 겠다 is used for the first person, it emphasises a strong intention on the speaker’s part to do something. The link between these was not mentioned, though I vaguely recall reading somewhere about 모르겠다… ↩